對于海外留學(xué)生來說,essay寫作并不陌生,今天小編就如何在essay代寫中避免用詞重復(fù)的問題,與您分享一些經(jīng)驗與技巧。
essay代寫
1.省略/刪除
有時在一個句子里省略掉重復(fù)的部分,語法仍然正確。
It is much harder to segment markets now than in the 70s.
在“than”后省略“to segment markets”。
Apple rules mobile devices;Google,the web;Facebook,social media;Amazon,e-commerce;and Microsoft,enterprise software.
在Google,Facebook,Amazon和Microsoft后都省略了“rules”。
另外有一些詞可能完全是出于習(xí)慣,經(jīng)常性地加在句子里的,比如quite,very,actually等。重讀自己文章時(特別是朗讀時)你一般會注意到這些重復(fù)又沒太多意義的詞,可以考慮刪除一些。
2.使用同(近)義詞和詞組
為避免過多使用同一個詞,大家還可以使與其意思相同或相近的詞與詞組。比如negative effects可以用“detrimental impact”或“harmful effects”等來代替。描述“冷”除了用泛泛的詞cold還可以根據(jù)具體程度用微冷(cool,brisk),寒冷(chilly),或冰冷(freezing,frigid)來代替。
下面一段關(guān)于有哪些故事內(nèi)容最吸引讀者的陳述中,作者用了幾個表示感興趣的近義詞組(be concerned with,curious to know,be fascinated by):
Other stories captured our readers attention too,of course.People seem to be equally concerned with how social media is retraining human brains and upending social norms.They’re curious to know how artificial intelligence will evolve.And they’re fascinated by what Big Data means for society at large.
但選用同(近)意詞時,不要在字典里找到一個同義詞就生硬地放進(jìn)來。如果你不熟悉這個詞,有可能會使用不當(dāng)。因為每個詞除了字面意思還有引申的含義,如褒貶,程度,正式或非正式等。作家Stephen King說過:“Any word you have to hunt for in a thesaurus is the wrong word.”(即不能依靠同義詞典來尋找想用的詞匯)。想自如地使用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~就需要我們平時積累學(xué)習(xí)詞匯。
3.使用代詞或有指代意義的詞
使用代詞是常見的避免重復(fù)的方法。比如:
Seattle-based Nordstrom looks competitive(despite its setback at the Florida Mall).It’s one of the few retailers still growing store count.
還有些幫助替代或省略的詞,如former,latter,counterpart。下面的例子里a句使用重復(fù)的詞,而b句則巧妙用詞避免了重復(fù)。
a.Monti and Renzi could not have been more different in their approaches and personalities.The Monti is a sober academic,while Renzi a flamboyant politician.
b.Monti and Renzi could not have been more different in their approaches and personalities.The former is a sober academic,while the latter a flamboyant politician.
a.The figure shows that older homeless adults have a greater disease burden than the younger homeless adults.
b.The figure shows that older homeless adults have a greater disease burden than their younger counterparts.
4.變換句式
有些時候可以靠句式的變化,如利用伴隨性狀語或使用從句來減少詞語重復(fù)。
對比下面例句中的a與b,使用伴隨性狀語,既表達(dá)出動作或情緒伴隨性發(fā)生,又避免了同一主語的反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
a.She sat down on the ground.She screamed and yelled in a hideous manner.
b.She sat down on the ground,screaming and yelling in a hideous manner.
a.The girls looked up at the three Nazi officers who entered the room.The girls were terrified.
b.Terrified,the girls looked up at the three Nazi officers who entered the room.
此外,利用復(fù)合句,將單句用從句連接詞連起來也是一個避免用詞重復(fù)的方法。如下面《紐約時報》中的一個例子:
a.MIT’s experiment has sparked discussions among admission deans.Some of the deans say they plan to offer similar opportunities for applicants to send evidence to project-based learning.
b.MIT’s experiment has sparked discussions among admission deans,some of whom say they plan to offer similar opportunities for applicants to send evidence to project-based learning.
同學(xué)們在essay代寫時經(jīng)常使用重復(fù)的詞原因有兩種:第一是同學(xué)們習(xí)慣某種說法或無意中偏愛使用某個詞。比如你重讀最近寫的一篇文章時,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中用了好幾次finally一詞,其實沒有必要,大部分是可以刪掉的。這也是為什么寫完文章初稿一定要進(jìn)行編輯和修改。第二個原因是詞匯的匱乏和語法使用的不熟練不靈活,畢竟英文不是我們的母語,在很多表達(dá)上還是很缺乏靈活運用,這種情況只能靠多讀,多積累,和多練習(xí)來改善。