“定義型”Essay,又稱練習(xí)型Essay,一般在預(yù)科和大一學(xué)年出現(xiàn),內(nèi)容包括讓學(xué)生們分析一個所學(xué)習(xí)的概念或模型的含義、作用等,考察學(xué)生們對基礎(chǔ)知識的掌握能力。該類型Essay不會特別的重要,但也會有一定的分?jǐn)?shù)占比,一般一學(xué)期可能有兩到三次該類作業(yè),在學(xué)年最終成績中一般總共占比5%左右。
Essay代寫
許多學(xué)生之所以討厭該類Essay,是因?yàn)橥枰治龅哪P突蚋拍畹暮x就寫在教科書上,就一句話,怎么擴(kuò)充成一篇350字的小論文呢?如果就按照傳統(tǒng)格式,寫一寫分析對象的含義、重要性、用途,整篇小論文又會非常平庸而體現(xiàn)不出自己的思考價(jià)值和寫作水平,如何寫的精辟并且顯得有意義呢?
今天,小編帶來了一篇商科經(jīng)典的“定義型”Essay范文,并以此為例分享一些針對該類論文的獨(dú)家小妙招,希望可以對同學(xué)們在該類論文的寫作上有所幫助。
Essay
第一點(diǎn),從研究對象角度出發(fā)。意思就是說,尤其是在寫作“定義型”Essay時,切忌從自己的角度出發(fā)分析思考,只有從研究對象的角度出發(fā),條理清晰地寫作它的歷史、含義、對各不同對象的重要性與用法等等,才能寫得比較深入和有效。從個人角度出發(fā),思考時只會想著它對我的學(xué)習(xí)或在該領(lǐng)域有什么用,相對思路就狹窄了許多。在這一點(diǎn)上犯錯的同學(xué)們,在留學(xué)生群體內(nèi)被戲稱為“不要你覺得,我要我覺得”。
Essay寫作
第二點(diǎn),注意“古今結(jié)合”,多維度多層次的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)可以有效幫助“定義型”Essay脫穎而出。拿文末附注的范例論文舉例,該論文在正文第一段對4ps模型,一個用于市場營銷策略制定的模型進(jìn)行了簡介并簡述了其歷史,第二段至第五段精講4ps模型包含哪四p及其具體的分析方式,而最后一段講述了其在現(xiàn)代化過程中作用減弱的原因。比起分三段機(jī)械性地陳述其含義、重要性、作用,范文所使用的論文格式更加有條理,逐級深入,最后一段與第一段相呼應(yīng),并且體現(xiàn)出個人的思考,給論文加分。
當(dāng)然,構(gòu)建多維度多層次的Essay代寫結(jié)構(gòu)還有許多其它方法,比如許多同學(xué)會在正文中插入一兩處自己學(xué)習(xí)過程中使用或結(jié)合分析目標(biāo)的親身經(jīng)歷來輔助論文中心點(diǎn),或使用一些真實(shí)有來源的數(shù)據(jù)使論文更上一個層次。
Essay范例
還有最后一點(diǎn),盡量不照抄書上或網(wǎng)站上的定義。“定義型”Essay的考察目標(biāo)是希望看到作者對分析對象的深刻理解。而在論文中照抄定義就相對顯得理解不深入,所以為了契合該目標(biāo),也為了得到更高分?jǐn)?shù),同學(xué)們至少應(yīng)該在理解該概念或模型的基礎(chǔ)上,將其定義用自己的話說出來,也可以在此基礎(chǔ)上增加一些自己的理解,當(dāng)然不能改變其本身含義。當(dāng)然,即使換成了自己的話說出定義,也不能忘記使用in-text reference哦!
最后,讓我們一起來看一看范例文章,希望同學(xué)們在看完本文之后可以有所收獲,對“定義型”Essay有更加準(zhǔn)確地認(rèn)識。
題目:What are the 4p’s and how do they help companies create a marketing strategy?
文章:Although the 4p’s are key factors for entrepreneurs to analyse their marketing strategies and represent the common rules for the world which is based on business activities,it still has low awareness among citizens.This essay will start with a brief introduction and evaluation to their birth combined with marketing mix.The second to fifth paragraph will talk about their real effects in business and this essay will be concluded by the classic concept’s contemporary dilemma.
Generally,the 4p’s are production,price,promotion,and place.The 4P’s of marketing is a model for enhancing the components of your"marketing mix".Through this way,you take a new product or service to market.It helps you to define your marketing options in terms of price,product,promotion,and place so that your offering meets a specific customer need or demand(Borden,1964).Marketing mix is carried out through the 4p’s mostly and a reliable way to understand what the product and service can offer(Martin,2014).Since marketing mix is the foundation of the enterprise marketing strategy and works efficiently to satisfy the consumer needs in general,the 4p’s are concertizing this concept and making it easy to understand as well.
Product is the first element of the four,because it is the basis.An efficient marketing should fulfill the consumer needs and minimum the waste of time and money.Marketers are also required to be familiar with the life cycle of products to be completely successful in this comprehensive and competitive business world.
Price is the cost consumers pay for a product.No one can long make a profit producing anything unless the customer makes a profit using it.(Pettengill,1930).It is pretty dramatic because price is the only one of the 4p’s of marketing that emphasizes revenue rather than expense.It includes discounts,allowances and incentives,and strategies like penetration pricing or skimming.It helps to create the marketing structure by evaluating the demand from consumers.
Promotion is activities done in order to improve the sales of a product,like advertising or media selection.Not only large-scale enterprises but also many family businesses ought to pay attention to this.This element focuses on communicating with your customer.Small-scale businesses usually focus on promoting their products or services with limited resources,which contributes to the ignorance to promoting their brands.For international companies,the methods for promotion is various,but for family or sole trader companies with less money and manpower,the equitable allocation of investments between production and promotion counts.
Place focus on getting product to your customer.It includes warehousing,fulfillment,electronic download,shipping,middlemen.No matter small or big,delicacy or sloppy,business always needs some place to happen.Also,a good place gathers potential and current customers,competitors and other sectors.Place should also be linked to the target customer group.