很多留學(xué)生在完成Essay寫(xiě)作時(shí)對(duì)于段落之間的結(jié)構(gòu)不知道如何去掌控,因此寫(xiě)到后面就導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)混亂,拿不到高分甚至?xí)ail。今天Australiaway小編就給同學(xué)們分享關(guān)于essay寫(xiě)作中的段落分析。一起來(lái)看看吧!
Essay寫(xiě)作技巧
一、TRIAC主題段落定義與要求
主題段落的一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)構(gòu)是TRIAC結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)的段落按順序給出主題語(yǔ)句(Topic Sentence)、重述或限制(Restatement or Restriction)、舉證(Illustration)、分析(Analysis)和結(jié)論(Conclusion)。TRIAC即為T(mén)opic Sentence、Restatement、Illustration、Analysis和Conclusion的首寫(xiě)字母組合。
1)主題語(yǔ)句:第一句介紹這一段的主題,要回答的問(wèn)題。
2)重述或限制:縮小主題范圍,第二句可以重述或限制第一句所寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容,使主題更加具體。
3)舉證:舉出例子或證據(jù)。段落的這一部分由舉證(證據(jù)、數(shù)據(jù)、事實(shí)、引述、推理等)組成,來(lái)支持你的主題句。一個(gè)段落中可以有多個(gè)舉證。
4)分析:評(píng)論、解釋、解讀或關(guān)聯(lián)舉證。指出例證的價(jià)值、意義、問(wèn)題或影響。
5)結(jié)論:最后一句回顧這段討論的內(nèi)容,再次強(qiáng)調(diào)舉證和分析所暗示的內(nèi)容,并再一次聲明主題。
二、TRIAC主題段落舉例
?。ㄖ黝}語(yǔ)句)盡管素食主義經(jīng)常與倫理和動(dòng)物權(quán)利問(wèn)題聯(lián)系在一起,但對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō),它僅僅意味著更健康的生活方式。(重述或限制)素食可以降低健康問(wèn)題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),如高膽固醇、動(dòng)脈阻塞,甚至癌癥。(舉證)最近的證據(jù)表明,飲食中富含深綠色蔬菜的人患結(jié)腸癌的幾率降低了40%。此外,切肉可以顯著減少飽和脂肪的攝入。愛(ài)麗絲是一名大學(xué)生,也是一名七年素食主義者,她說(shuō),“因?yàn)槲业倪z傳史,我認(rèn)識(shí)到了我患癌癥的可能性;當(dāng)我父親的醫(yī)生讓他嚴(yán)格節(jié)食時(shí),我決定是時(shí)候放棄漢堡和意大利香腸了”。(分析)選擇減少牛肉和家禽可以幫助許多人更加意識(shí)到他們正在消費(fèi)什么,這反過(guò)來(lái)會(huì)導(dǎo)致總體上更健康的烹飪和飲食方式。此外,沒(méi)有必要成為嚴(yán)格意義上的素食者;對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō),這僅僅意味著減少肉類(lèi)攝入量,增加每餐的水果和蔬菜的攝入量。(結(jié)論)這些調(diào)整本身是有益的,但不會(huì)完全改變個(gè)人的飲食習(xí)慣,這些改變可能會(huì)防止日后出現(xiàn)無(wú)數(shù)健康問(wèn)題。
三、附錄——相關(guān)內(nèi)容的原文
TRIAC:Topic Sentence,Restatement,Illustration,Analysis and Conclusion
TRIAC is a writing pattern you can use at both the essay and paragraph level for strong organization and argument.You can also use it for revision,particularly as a method for bringing focus and coherence to your work.
T:Topic Sentence.The first sentence introduces the subject of the paragraph.Answers the question,What are you writing about?
R:Restatement or Restriction.Narrows the focus.The second sentence can restate or restrict what was written in the first sentence,making the subject more specific.
I:Illustration.Give examples/evidence.This portion of the paragraph consists of the illustrations(evidence,data,facts,quotes,reasoning,etc.)that support your topic sentence.You can have more than one I in a paragraph.
A:Analysis.Comment,explain,interpret,or contextualize the illustrations that have been made.Never leave illustrations by themselves;their effectiveness lies in your analysis.Show value,significance,problems,or impact.You should have one A for each I in the paragraph.The more As and Is,the more fully developed your essay will be.
C:Conclusion.Repeat or reflect topic.The final sentence might review what the paragraph has discussed,or it can re-emphasize what the illustration and analysis suggest.The portion might also identify or evaluation connections.Keep in mind that you are also setting yourself up to smoothly move into the next paragraph.
Model TRIAC paragraph(舉例):
[T]Although vegetarianism has often been associated with issues or ethics and animals rights,for many people it is no more than means to a healthier lifestyle.[R]A vegetarian diet can reduce the risk of health problems such as high cholesterol,arterial clogging,and even cancer.<I>Recent evidence indicates that people with a diet rich in dark green vegetables had a 40%less chance of developing colon cancer.In addition,cutting meat out can dramatically reduce saturated fat intake.Alice,a university student and a seven-year vegetarian,says,“I recognized my potential for cancer because of my genetic history;when my father’s doctor put him on a strict no-meat diet,I decided it was time to give up burgers and pepperoni.”[A]Choosing to cut down beef and poultry can help many people to become more aware of what they are consuming,and it turn leads to overall more healthful style of cooking and eating.In addition,it is not necessary to become a vegetarian in the strictest sense of the word;for some people,it simply means cutting down on meat intake and increasing the amount of fruits and vegetables included in each meal.[C]These adjustments alone can be beneficial without completely altering the individual’s eating habits,and these changes may prevent a myriad of health problems later in life.