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Essay寫作如何做到降重優(yōu)化?

文章來源:原創(chuàng)??文章作者:Australiaway??發(fā)布時間:2019-08-22 13:21:56 ??瀏覽次數(shù): 次??字數(shù):6768 字??文章關鍵詞:essay寫作

文章導讀:今天要說到讓無數(shù)人恨得要死、為了降重改的哭天喊地的Paraphrase。畢竟引用不是打兩個引號復制粘貼就能湊字數(shù)完事的,無論國內外,都有查重率這個大敵在等著你。想要引用別人的論...
  今天要說到讓無數(shù)人恨得要死、為了降重改的哭天喊地的“Paraphrase”。畢竟引用不是打兩個引號復制粘貼就能湊字數(shù)完事的,無論國內外,都有查重率這個大敵在等著你。想要引用別人的論點論據(jù),就少不了需要用自己的語言進行整理,不然就是在“抄襲”!在學術論文是絕對零容忍的!一定要注意!可是,是不是對這個用不重復的語言表達出同樣的內涵這種高難度的操作咬牙切齒?尤其,掐指一算,目前為畢業(yè)論文想辦法改改改的同學,八成正在為此發(fā)愁。把一段話重新表述,看上去簡單做起來難,尤其又不能漏過重要信息。復述這個活,不是那么好干。怎么復述,依舊是有要點和技巧的,也就是想要盡可能的降低抄襲率還是有套路滴。這次我們就結合幾個例子,一起來看看Essay寫作中如何正確的進行改寫降重。
essay proofreading
Essay修改潤色
 
  事先說明案例較多內容相對枯燥,但,僅花15分鐘就可以掌握正確的改寫技巧,是不是很劃算呢?新生老手都可以看看學學哦~那么現(xiàn)在,開始正文!
 

  Paraphrase的基本要點

 
  1、引用并不是僅僅改變幾個單詞,或者調整一下順序就是了。這里有一個必要的前提,就是用“自己的話”表述!用自己的話,就難免帶上自己的文章的“理解”。畢竟“引用”“引用”就是引別人的東西化為己用。沒有這個化為己用的過程,就是難免就會顯得“消化不良”。如果文章里東一句西一句,每個引用都帶著別的作者的文風,文章就會變成一篇“懶婆娘的裹腳布——又臭又長”,當然重復率也會是一片通紅。
 
  2、其次,paraphrase和summary還是有差別的。
 
  paraphrase和summary確實是比較像,因為都是在用自己的話去描述一個resource的內容。但是,實質上,差之毫厘卻謬之千里。paraphrase也可以說是rewording,rephrasing,rewriting,rendition,必須把引用的resource的關鍵要點和主要論點都囊括,通常paraphrase會包含詳細的信息,在長度上經(jīng)常會跟引用的source段落一樣長,甚至更長。summary可能就只會摘要文章的簡單概括,三言兩語總結清楚就可以,所以會比原來的source短很多。無論是哪一種,都要做到:不曲解原意,客觀嚴謹?shù)乇磉_。You can’t leave out words or add words to make the source fit into your paper if it changes the meaning.
 
  3、還有一個寫作時候的小建議,如果需要引用文獻,一定要在自己理解的基礎上進行引用,知其意而用之。如果你并不理解文意,只是為了“引用”而“引用”,很容易鬧出笑話來。
 
  4、下一步是在你要引用的source里面找到合適的需要引用的段落。因為你不可以rewrite全篇的文獻(不然就是全篇抄襲了),而且通常來說,一次也不要引用超過一個段落以上的內容。
 
  5、最后,引用完了自己再仔細讀一下自己的文章,讀不讀得通。有可能技術水平不過關引用完了自己都看不懂了,萬一讀不通,可要注意及時修改。有時候看的文獻多了,隔幾天再檢查的時候都會忘記,“天吶,我還引用過這個文獻嗎?”
 
  下面來看具體例子啦:
 

  舉例一:“Police:Man breaks into Austin meat business,naps”

 
  注意按照規(guī)定的Reference格式要求注明引用來源:
 
  原文:
 
  “AUSTIN,Texas(AP)—Police have arrested a 28-year-old man who they say broke into an Austin business,stole a couple of sausages and fell asleep.”
 
  “德克薩斯州,奧斯汀市(美聯(lián)社)-警方逮捕了一名28歲的男子,這名男子闖入奧斯汀市的一家店,偷了幾根香腸,然后竟然睡著了。”
 
  錯誤示例:
 
  A 28-year-old man in Austin,Texas didn’t break into a business and run,like most criminals.Instead,he took several sausages then simply fell asleep inside the business.
 
  沒有注明參考來源。
 
  正確示范:
 
  A 28 year old man in Austin,Texas didn’t break into a business and run,like most criminals.Instead,he took several sausages then simply fell asleep inside the business(“Police:Man breaks into Austin meat business,sleeps”).
 
  德克薩斯州奧斯汀的一名28歲男子并沒有像大多數(shù)罪犯那樣犯案后就逃跑。相反,他只偷了幾根香腸,而且竟然在作案現(xiàn)場睡了(“警察:男子闖入奧斯汀肉店后,睡了”)。
 
  這段引用是按照MLA引用格式。ps:這個只是簡單的新聞語音,只是為了大家方便理解,學術語言的表達有時候更需要paraphrase的技術含量,大家今后可要多多練習。
 

  舉例二:“Police:Man fled crash to avoid yelling girlfriend”

 
  不要照著原句改動幾個單詞了事,Paraphrase不是原句照搬。
 
  原文:
 
  “VINELAND,N.J.(AP)—Police in New Jersey say a man told officers he fled the scene of an auto accident because he‘didn’t want to deal with his girlfriend yelling at him.’”
 
  “新澤西州VINELAND(美聯(lián)社)-新澤西警方稱,一名男子告訴警員,他逃離了車禍現(xiàn)場,因為”女友一直吵鬧他不知道該怎么辦。“
 
  錯誤示例:
 
  New Jersey police state a man said he left the scene of a car accident because he didn’t want to deal with his girlfriend yelling at him(“Police:Man fled crash to avoid yelling girlfriend”).
 
  這個引用基本就是在原文的基礎上改了幾個單詞,把say改成state,但是大多數(shù)單詞和句子結構都太接近原文了。
 
  正確示范:
 
  A man in New Jersey seemed to think leaving the scene of a car crash and being arrested was a better option than listening to his girlfriend yell.He told the police he fled because he didn’t want to listen to her yell at him(“Police:Man fled crash to avoid yelling girlfriend”).
 
  新澤西州的一名男子似乎認為只要不被女友叫喊糾纏就算肇事逃逸被捕也是更好的選擇。他告訴警方,他逃離是因為他不想聽女友一直喊叫(“警察:男子為逃避喊叫的女友而選擇肇事逃逸”)
 

  舉例三:Plumber Caught Dancing On The Job Has All The Fly Moves.

 
  有時候甚至有必要在原文基礎上進行延伸。記住不能遺漏關鍵要點和細節(jié)。
 
  原文:
 
  “The video of Topen’s dancing has racked up more than 400,000 views since it was posted on YouTube last week,and the plumber says he’s already been approached in public for his autograph.”
 
  “自從上周在YouTube發(fā)布視頻后,Topen的舞蹈視頻已播放超過40萬次,這名水管工表示公眾場合已經(jīng)有人找他要簽名了。”
 
  錯誤示例:
 
  The video has racked up more than 400,000 views since posted on YouTube last week,and the plumber has even been approached for his autograph.
 
  沒有引用參考文獻,和原句措辭結構上都太相似。
 
  正確示范:
 
  Even though the YouTube video of the dancing plumber was only posted last week,it has already had more than 400,000 views.Topen has become an almost instant celebrity as strangers have even asked him for autographs(“Plumber Caught Dancing On The Job Has All The Fly Moves”).
 
  盡管水管工的YouTube舞蹈視頻上周才發(fā)布,但它已經(jīng)有超過40萬的觀看次數(shù)。Topen幾乎一夜成名,因為甚至有陌生人找他簽名(“管道工被抓拍到在工作中跳各種舞蹈動作”)。
 

  舉例四:These Are Miley Cyrus’Crazy Dating Rules.

 
  轉述不是亂說也不是摘要,必須不偏離原意,同時也不要遺漏任何關鍵。
 
  原文:
 
  “According to Heat magazine,Miley has a list of intense rules for her men-to-be while out on dates.Apparently her assistant arranges what the guy must wear,do,and talk about on the date.She’s also not into flowers,so he’s banned from bringing her those.”
 
  “據(jù)”熱火“雜志報道,麥莉在約會時列出了一系列關于她的男朋友要遵守的詳細細則。顯然,她的助手會安排這個家伙必須穿什么,做什么,并在約會時談論什么。她也不喜歡花,所以她男票也被禁止帶花給她。“
 
  錯誤示例:
 
  According to Heat magazine,Miley Cyrus has a list of rules for her men on dates.Her assistant arranges what guys wear and what they talk about.She doesn’t like flowers,either(“These Are Miley Cyrus’Crazy Dating Rules”).
 
  這甚至算不上意譯。它遺漏了幾個關鍵字。請記住,paraphrase必須提供與原文相同的信息,并且一定要用自己的話表述。
 
  正確示范:
 
  As stated in Heat magazine,Miley Cyrus has a number of bizarre rules for dating.She’s so specific about what her dates wear,say,and do,that she has her assistant enforce these rules on dates.Cyrus doesn’t even like flowers and won’t let her dates buy them for her(“These Are Miley Cyrus’Crazy Dating Rules”).
 
  正如《熱火》雜志所述,米莉·賽勒斯有許多奇怪的約會規(guī)則。她對約會對象穿什么、說什么、做什么都很明確的要求,以至于讓她的助手在約會時執(zhí)行這些規(guī)則。賽勒斯甚至不喜歡花,也不讓她的約會對象為她買花(“這是麥莉賽勒斯瘋狂的約會規(guī)則”)。
 

  舉例五:Top 12 Bizarre Pet Accidents.

 
  注意細節(jié),Paraphrase不是摘要,要客觀的進行復述,包括細節(jié)!
 
  原文:
 
  “Often,a dog will chase an animal with the focus of a heat-seeking missile.But a wheelbarrow planter was not part of Belgian sheepdog Rider’s focus.Rider collided with the wheelbarrow while the squirrel escaped up a cedar tree in Joyce Biethan’s backyard.
 
  “He’s kind of an all-or-nothing dog and he went into‘all,'”Biethan said.“He chased after that squirrel with total disregard of what might be in front of him.”
 
  His collision left Rider with a broken scapula,a broken rib and a punctured lung.
 
  “He was in so much pain that I think he just tried to lay low,”Biethan said.“He prescribed himself bedrest.”
 
  Biethan said Rider did not need surgery and made a full recovery.”
 
  錯誤示例:
 
  A dog named Rider ran into a wheelbarrow but didn’t need surgery(“Top 12 Bizarre Pet Accidents”).
 
  Can you guess what’s missing from this paraphrase?Details!
 
  The example does paraphrase some information,but it reads more like a summary,as it’s missing key details from the story.
 
  這更像是摘要而不是paraphrase,因為缺少關鍵細節(jié)。
 
  正確示范:
 
  Like many dogs,a Belgian sheepdog named Rider became so focused on chasing down a squirrel that he paid no attention to the wheelbarrow directly in front of him.The squirrel got away,but Rider collided head on with the wheelbarrow.Rider broke his scapula,broke a rib,and also punctured a lung.Though he was likely in a lot of pain,he only needed rest.He did not have to have surgery”(“Top 12 Bizarre Pet Accidents”).
 
  像許多狗一樣,一只名叫Rider的比利時牧羊犬變得如此專注于追捕一只松鼠,以至于他沒有注意到在他前面的獨輪車。松鼠逃走了,但Rider與手推車正面相撞。Rider的肩胛骨骨折,肋骨骨折,肺部也被刺穿。雖然它可能很痛苦,但Rider只需要休息,不必動手術。(”12個奇怪的寵物事故“)
 
  最后總結
 
  什么是好的Paraphrase?
 
  1、包括引用原文的關鍵點和重點
 
  2、用你自己的話表達,并使用你自己的句子結構
 
  3、重點是在其意不在其形

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